Does Religion Cause Wars?

There is a regular conviction among numerous people that religion is the primary driver of the present and past wars perpetrating torment inside the world. In any case, numerous people neglect to see past that conviction; they can't comprehend that religion is only a little factor among the many adding to the reason for wars. Truth be told, religion is just an instrument and a reason used to shroud the requirement for force and sins of the human instinct. Among these components, it might be the error of strict lessons and the varying standards of some individuals.Unfortunately, these variables are regularly disregarded as a great many people see this issue with a shortsighted attitude. The possibility of religion is regularly ready to bring harmony and amicability inside the world. In saying this however, religion might be wound and misused by people for either financial or political reasons, for the most part with the visually impaired desire for force and control. Such individuals have utilized religion as an instrument and a reason so as to accomplish their very own wants. This is obvious with the past Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein.The Iraqi president had expected to convince the Jihadists to begin a blessed war against the United States and British powers, who were trying to excuse him for his position. Saddam Hussein had freely voiced his call toward the Jihadists in an Iraqi state TV, where he supported them through his announcement, â€Å"jihad is an obligation in standing up to them†¦ Those who are martyred will be compensated in paradise. Take advantage of the lucky break, my brothers† (Saddam Hussein). It is apparent; notwithstanding, that Saddam Hussein didn't generally see the war he expected to start as a strict war.Instead he intended to blame religion for his own political increases, which was to keep up his situation as leader of Iraq. Taking everything into account, religion isn't the sole explanation of the past and present wars inside the world, it is likewise the individuals themselves who endeavor and turn religion itself. Numerous people regularly think that its hard to give religion an exact definition. It is inside their capacity to comprehend the idea of religion yet can't give an exact meaning of the word. Consequently, many may have their own understandings of what religion genuinely is.This idea is like how people may have fluctuating perspectives with respect to the strict lessons of their religion. Unfortunately, now and again, individuals may really misconstrue the lessons of their religion, which can frequently prompt shocking results. Such results are clear with the scandalous conviction of ‘Jihad'. The idea of Jihad implies â€Å"holy war† or â€Å"the sacred struggle†. It additionally instructs that there will be no utilization of savagery â€Å"except on account of guarded wars, wars which are pursued to rebuff a despot, or those which are intended to maintain freedomà ¢â‚¬  (Concept of Jihad, pg 2).Unfortunately, there are other people who misconstrue the idea of Jihad and rather trust it to be finished accommodation to Allah, which further methods they are â€Å"prepared to kick the bucket (suffering) over the span of this submission†. Such cases as a rule bring about fear based oppression and self destruction bombings, where people accept that by driving others into their religion, by death, will satisfy Allah. The most known case of these events is the September 11 self destruction bombings where roughly two planes collided with the twin towers in New York, USA.This occasion was not really a war but rather was rather an assault some portion of the previously continuous war between the United States and the Islamic, fear monger gathering, Al-Qaeda. From this occasion it is apparent that the individuals from Al-Qaeda had misjudged the idea of Jihad and rather damaged the religion by utilizing viciousness for superfluous reasons. It tends to be presumed that despite the fact that religion may assume a job in the reason for wars, it isn't really the main factor to fault yet in addition the error of the strict lessons of religions.It isn't exclusively religion itself that spike the abhorrent wars that have happened since the beginning, yet in addition the differing goals of the strict admirers. Sadly, sometimes quite possibly the standards of specific people may impact them than their own strict convictions. Such terms are regularly mistaken for one another; be that as it may, there is a conspicuous distinction between the two. Convictions are unchangeable as of now, proclamations or realities that people have chosen to put their certainty in.On the other hand, goals are close to home ideas of flawlessness; they have no limits not at all like convictions. At the point when the beliefs of people have a bigger control over them, the outcomes regularly have a high possibility of getting destructive. Such outcomes are obv ious inside Nazi Germany during the Second World War, after the 1930s. Germany had been under the autocracy of a dictator known as Adolf Hitler. Hitler was notoriously known for his savagery and mass homicide towards the Jews in Germany at that time.His explanation behind his activities was that by ensuring himself against the Jews, he was â€Å"defending the workmanship of God† (Mein Kampf, pg 60). Notwithstanding his strict explanation, he had a more profound contempt towards the Jews and wanted a perfect world, where there was just a dominant part of unadulterated relatives of the â€Å"Aryan† race. The Aryan race included people with specific highlights, for example, light hair and blue eyes. Hitler accepted that the Jews were sullying his optimal race as they offered the â€Å"most striking complexity to the Aryan† (Mein Kampf, pg 259), in this manner prompting his aversion towards the Jews.It is undeniable that the convictions of Hitler were by all account not the only motivation of his activities yet in addition his outrageous goals, which had lead to the gore he had instigated. In this manner, it isn't just religion itself that cause wars yet additionally the varying standards of people. Religion is regularly unjustifiably accused as the immediate reason for wars all through the world. It is frequently utilized as a substitute the same number of individuals can't look past that oversimplified see. Numerous people have never considered the potential outcomes of different elements adding to such wars.A not many of these components are the abuse of religion for the individual additions of people, the confusion of strict lessons and the contrasting beliefs of numerous people. From these components, it is obvious that it isn't simply religion itself that causes the wars, however the individuals themselves likewise who really wage these abominations. Adolf Hitler (1998). Mein Kampf. US: Houghton Mifflin Company PDF record saw at †ht tp://www. greatwar. nl/books/meinkampf/meinkampf. pdf Last got to 26/2/12 A. Ezzati. 1986). The Concept Of Martyrdom In Islam . Accessible: http://www. al-islam. organization/al-serat/idea ezzati. htm. Last got to 26/2/12. Coel Hellier. (2011). Nazi racial belief system was strict, creationist and contradicted to Darwinism. Accessible: http://coelsblog. wordpress. com/2011/11/08/nazi-racial-belief system was-strict creationist-and-restricted to-darwinism/#sec5. Last got to 26/2/12. Dr. John Kelsay. (1999). THE RETURN OF THE RELIGIOUS WAR . Accessible: http://rinr. fsu. edu/fallwinter99/highlights/religiouswar. tml. Last got to 26/2/12. Hadrat Mirza Gulam Ahmad. (1995). Jihad. The genuine Islamic idea. Accessible: http://www. alislam. organization/library/articles/Jihad-Brochure. pdf. Last got to 26/2/12 Jim Lehrer. (2003). Saddam Hussein Calls for Jihad. Accessible: http://www. pbs. organization/newshour/extra/highlights/jan-june03/saddam_4-1. html. Last got to 26/2/12 M. Amir Ali. (Obscure). Islam, Jihad, and Terrorism. Accessible: http://www. aboutjihad. com/psychological oppression/islam_jihad_terrorism. php. Last got to 26/2/12.

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Example

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Dr. Ambedkar: A Social Reformer Through the Magnifier of Antonio Gramsci SAVITA V. DEOGIRKAR Lecturer in English, Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon (Rly) Distt: Amravati (M. S. ) Abstract A Champion of Human Rights, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a multi dimensional character. He was an incredible scholar, a logician, a genuine revolutionist, a productive author and at the best a dedicated reformer. Whenever contemplated and broke down his honorable adventure to battle against Castes’ and distance through the magnifier of Antonio Gramsci, a German savant of 1940’s, he could be hailed as a ‘organic scholarly. His irrefutable changes in demolishing Caste, his perspectives in regards to ladies strengthening, his Dalit development are extremely believable moves to wage a counter upset against Hindu Religion. Simultaneously he attempted to rebuild his picked religion to address the issues of Dalit people group. The honorable purpose to have unification of position was one of the protected highlights of Democracy which he spread that mark him as a forerunner of Social Democracy to meet the current day circumstance. The activity of position, his perspectives on Women’s mistreatment, his reevaluation of the job of the priest demonstrates him to be a social reformer that warrant a nearby assessment of his life story and his lion’s offer to set an ideal stage for World’s greatest Democratic nation as a matter of fact India. - â€Å"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Educate, Agitate and Organize! † This incredible message was spread everywhere throughout the world by an engineer of Indian Constitution as a matter of fact Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. A sculpture of a man having a book under his left hand and a pointer of a correct hand pointing towards a Parliament Building is recognizable for all the Indians. Yet, for the youngsters it is the matter of interest of what that book was. That was a book of Indian Constitution drafted by Dr. Ambedkar in 1948 and that is his sculpture. Bhim as his name might have been, destined to a working class group of untouchables at Mhow in 1891. Being an unapproachable himself, Ambedkar experienced all desolations of distance. The misuse of blacks in the hands of White America and the sufferings of the Jews in Germany are notable. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ambedkar Summary 3 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Ambedkar Summary 3 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Ambedkar Summary 3 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In this examination the shocking sufferings of untouchables need a broad investigation of how disparity makes a penetrate in the social relations and how various layers of society dirty advertising. These quieted individuals in outcaste network were given voice by the brave endeavors of Ambedkar. He liberated his kin from age-old bondage however for all intents and purposes. The desolations of his kin were recorded by an adult Dalit Leader, Ambedkar who denied India to be his country because of ruthless conduct of his own kin where all the untouchables were even denied to be called as men. For a school goer preclusion to draw water from open tanks and wells, his experience of affront as refusal of nearby movement honed his resentment against the barbarous arrangement of distance. Because of that a ‘messiah’ of these Dalits effectively battled against these chances like Chowdar Tank crusade, Mahad battle in 1927. His formal consuming of Manusmriti recommends his scorn towards Hinduism and Hindu social request which activated up the mass development of the transformation to Buddhism in 1920’s. Discouraged classes were restricted passage in the sanctuaries of Hindus those were made open to them under the authority of Dr. Ambedkar in 1930’s. All over Maharashtra this crusade was watched effectively. These oppressed were given equity by Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar pursued a lifetime battle against Hinduism. He realized that there was no salvation for the untouchables inside Hinduism. So while composing his ‘The Buddha and his Dhamma’, he intentionally attempted to rebuild his picked religion to address the issues of the Dalit Community. His was a conscious endeavor to change conventional lessons of Buddha in order to address the issues for the ages to come. Thus, I battle, that Dr. Ambedkar played out work of a ‘organic scholarly, for his locale. Antonio Gramsci, a German rationalist is less investigated till present. First flood of enthusiasm for Gramsci was spoiled after the distribution of his jail compositions as letters in 1947. His broad perception on the job of learned people in the public arena and their capacity, his post Marxist hypothesis, Coercion and counter upset opened up new vistas for re-perusing writings of ethnic, post-pioneer considers. His hypothesis revived enthusiasm for scholarly educated people, Subaltern investigations and social progressive system. Pretty much Gramsci has become a ‘classic’ to be perused, deciphered, dissected and applied. As per Gramsci, ‘organic intellectuals’ capacity to design the intelligent person, good and political initiative by drawing in authoritative action. They combine good and scholarly measurements. Each social gathering makes with itself, naturally at least one layers of educated people. Gramsci noted, â€Å"All men are intellectuals†¦. be that as it may, not all men in the public arena have the capacity of intelligent people. †1 Therefore a scholarly is characterized by the characteristics of their exercises, however being a scholarly is something beyond being engaged with ‘brain work. ’ They lead the majority. They instruct them and attempt to stir them and set them up for the counter transformation against Hegemony. For Gramsci intelligent people were the instrument for the association of human life. These savvy people were not autonomous yet rather results of the class into which they are conceived. They bring an extraordinary security between themselves through which they compose their locale. He is a ‘permanent persuader’ who sets a good example for the general public. 2 Dr. Ambedkar was destined to a similar network of outcastes who set a good example for the Dalit people group and attempted to instruct, foment and sort out them in evident feeling of an expression begat by Gramsci I. . Natural Intellectual. He prevailing with regards to unraveling the genuine importance of Buddhism and attempted to re-structure this religion to meet the necessities of present day Indian Society. To state, he was a genuine visionary who beat up the mass development of the transformation to Buddhism. Having a Ph. D. shockingly, a supporter by calling Dr. Ambedkar upheld expulsion of casteism, at that point and afterward just Democracy will win. The honorable thought of drafting Indian Constitution came to fruition in his brain that gave central rights to the residents and harped on the duties and privileges of the four mainstays of majority rule government. A steadfast devotee of majority rule government, Dr. Ambedkar is recalled distinctly on his introduction to the world and demise commemorations and his belief systems are nearly cleaned and cleaned insane. It’s high time we ought to imitate the goals of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and take a stab at thriving in instructive, social and political fields. Be that as it may, the impression of majority rule government involves multifaceted nature these days. As we as a whole realize Indian Society is an excellent amalgam of Castes which are selective in their life. In spite of the fact that this is the reality, Caste System represents an extraordinary danger to Democracy itself. Most significant fiendishness of it is â€Å"Graded Inequality†. 3 Castes are not equivalent in their status yet is loaded up with disdain and scorn towards one another. This enlarges a hole among individuals and partitions the general public into two layers; higher class and lower class. Higher class consistently overwhelms lower class and treats it to be the slave. They are not permitted to have essential offices remembering training For more extensive sense Democracy implies a lifestyle, request of society, a method of social financial connection that depends on the beliefs of Principles of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. To actualize these goals, great conditions are pre-essential to have Democracy winning; which was the polar opposite on account of Untouchables who were precluded from securing training. There was no uniformity. They were not offered freedom to do what they needed without being allowed. They were not permitted to enter in the sanctuaries or to savor water open spots. What's more, there was no Fraternity among the individuals of the general public. For the Hindus, Dalits were not the siblings. Yet, the reviled individuals. â€Å"Justice postponed is Justice denied†. Same occurred with them. The prelude of Indian Constitution and sections alluding crucial rights and State Policy state it plainly that there ought to be ‘Non-segregation on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth. ’4 Reservation Bill, the mind offspring of Ambedkar was simply one more advance towards lifting social, financial standard of the nation. That demonstrates that the stone carver of Indian Constitution Ambedkar needed it to be instrumental of financial equity and the premise of all equity is fairness. Ambedkar knew it that since endlessness India is the World’s exemplary inconsistent society that watches unbending position framework. That was the essential issue of Ambedkar’s battle for destruction of rank. Dr. Ambedkar expressed bravely in the constituent gathering, ‘We are heading off to an existence of inconsistencies. In politics†¦. uniformity.. in social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦inequality. ’5 His thoughts, his standards and his way of thinking being a ‘organic intellectual’ of the oppressed, constantly rotated around human government assistance. His battle was to solidify Dalits and to make them mindful that they also were individuals. To reestablish their nobility and to give them decent spot, Ambedkar

2020 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago Academic Scholarship for 2019/2020 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Financial Aid team would like to announce an upcoming scholarship opportunity through the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicagos Academic Scholarship Program. This scholarship is aimed to help Jewish college and graduate students with their education costs, and assistance is available for those with financial need who are pursuing careers in the helping professions. These scholarships range from $1,000 to $8,000, and are renewable. The deadline to apply for the 2019/2020 academic year is  February 1, 2019.  The full eligibility requirements are listed on their website below, which includes availability for an in-person interview between March 1 and April 20, 2019.  If you qualify and would like to apply this scholarship, we encourage you to add the deadline to your calendar as soon as possible. Find the full scholarship details and eligibility requirements on their website at JCFS.org/JVSscholarships. As always, please check SIPAs External Funding Database for other opportunities.

Mars Curiosity Rover is Uncovering Martian History

Every day a robotic rover about the size of a small car wakes up and makes its next move across the surface of Mars. Its called the Curiosity Mars Science Laboratory rover, exploring around Mount Sharp at the center of Gale Crater (an ancient impact site)  on the Red Planet. Its one of two working rovers on the Red Planet. The other is the Opportunity rover, perched on the west rim of Endeavour Crater. The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit stopped working and is now silent after several years of exploration on its own. Each year, Curiositys science team celebrates another full Martian year of exploration. A Mars year is longer than an Earth year, roughly 687 Earth days, and Curiosity has been doing its job since August 6, 2012. It has been a momentous time, revealing dazzling new information about Earths neighbor in the solar system. Planetary scientists and future Mars mission planners are  interested in conditions on the planet, particularly its ability to support life. The Search for Martian Water One of the most important questions the Curiosity (and other) missions wants to answer is: what is the history of water on Mars? Curiositys instruments and cameras were designed to help answer that. It was fitting then, that one of Curiositys first discoveries was an ancient riverbed running underneath the rovers landing site. Not far away, at an area known as Yellowknife Bay, the rover dug into two slabs of mudstone (rock formed from mud)  and studied samples. The idea was to look for habitable zones for simple life forms. The study gave a definite yes, this could have been a place hospitable to life answer. Analysis of the mudstone samples showed that they were once at the bottom of a lake filled with water rich in nutrients. Thats the kind of place where life could have formed and flourished on the early Earth. If Mars had living organisms, this would have been a good home for them, as well.   Where Did the Water Go? One question that keeps coming up is, If Mars had a lot of water in the past, where did it all go? The answers suggest a range of places, from frozen underground reservoirs to the ice caps. Studies by the MAVEN spacecraft orbiting the planet strongly support the idea that some episode of water loss to space  occurred. This changed the planets climate.  Curiosity has measured various gases in the Martian atmosphere  and has helped Mars scientists figure out that much of the early atmosphere (which was probably wetter than now) escaped to space. More recent studies have revealed underground ice on Mars, and possibly salty meltwater just beneath the surface in some areas.   Rocks tell a fascinating story of Mars water. Curiosity  has determined of the ages of Martian rocks, and how long a rock has been exposed to harmful radiation. Rocks in direct contact with water in the past tell scientists more details about waters role on Mars. The big question: when did water flow freely across Mars is still unanswered, but Curiosity is providing data to help answer it soon. Curiosity  has also returned important information about radiation levels on the Martian surface, which would be important for assuring the safety of future Mars colonists. Future trips range from  one-way missions  to long-term missions that send and return multiple crews to and from the Red Planet. Curiositys Future Curiosity  is still running strong, despite some damage to one its wheels. That has led team members and spacecraft controllers to devise new study routes to accommodate the problem.The mission is one more step to the eventual human exploration of Mars. As with our exploration of Earth over the past centuries — using advance scouts  Ã¢â‚¬â€ this mission and others, like the MAVENmission and Indias Mars Orbiter Mission are sending back valuable word about the territory ahead, and what our first explorers will find.

Meursaults Selfishness - 1278 Words

Meursault’s Selfishness Albert Camus’ The Stranger explores the philosophic ideology of existentialism in the character Meursault. Meursault is a man in the 1920s in French Algeria going through life seeing and acting through the lens of an existentialist. Without explicitly stating that he lives existentially, his life hits on many key characteristics of an existentialist. Perhaps the most defining of these key characteristics is that he does what he wants, because he can. He also does this because in existentialism there is emphasis on individual choice and freedom based on the assertion that there is no universal right and wrong. Meursault doesn’t always take into consideration what would be polite, or kind, but rather only†¦show more content†¦This kind of thinking is detrimental to society and simply unfair. For example, a woman from New Jersey named Patricia Krentcil was recently accused and arrested for bringing her daughter tanning with her. The woman denies the charges , but regardless of whether they are true or not, this is a prime example of selfish, destructive behavior. Krentcil wanted to get her regular tan, but had her daughter with her. Assuming the charges are true, sheShow MoreRelated The Stranger Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pageslove the dog, but instead to put an end to his loneliness. Another source of selfishness is shown through the relationship between Marie and Meursault. Meursault’s lack of communication and the excess amount of physical contact desired and received is displayed by Meursault in the reference, â€Å"I kissed her. We didn’t say anything more from that point on. I held her to me † (35). The textual support confirms that Meursault’s purpose with Marie, for her physical appearance and not her personality. TheRead MoreThe Stranger1548 Words   |  7 Pageslove the dog, but instead to put an end to his loneliness. Another source of selfishness is shown through the relationship between Marie and Meursault. Meursault’s lack of communication and the excess amount of physical contact desired and received is displayed by Meursault in the reference, â€Å"I kissed her. We didn’t say anything more from that point on. I held her to me † (35). The textual support confirms that Meursault’s purpose with Marie, for her physical appearance and not her personality. TheRead MoreComparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works1599 Words   |  7 Pagesregardless of the views of society or religion. He creates a character that lives according to his own â€Å"morality†. Although supposed by most readers to be amoral, this character, Meursault appears to be true to his personal convictions of objectivism. Meursault’s commitment to objectivity makes him moral in my opinion. Coined post-Camus, moral objectivism in this context refers to objectivity being used to guide one’s actions as opposed to subjective emotions or traditions. Both writers utilize characterizationRead MoreComparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works1612 Words   |  7 Pagesregardless of the views of society or religion. He creates a character that lives according to his own â€Å"morality†. Although supposed by most readers to be amoral, this character, Meursault appears to be true to his personal convictions of objectivism. Meursault’s commitment to objectivity makes him moral in my opinion. Coined post-Camus, moral objectivism in this context refers to objectivity being used to guide one’s actions as opposed to subjective emotions or traditions. Both writers utilize characterizationRead MoreExistentialism, By Albert Camus, Raymond Carvers, Short Cuts And Woody Allen s Movie, Crimes And1440 Words   |  6 Pagesinvent. No rule of general morality can show you wha t you ought to do: no signs are vouchsafed in this world†. In other words, Meursault’s negligible response of insignificance and purposelessness is his choice and his expression of not caring regardless, but if she wanted to get married it was tolerable with him, may sound as a justification, and however becomes Meursault’s right choice. In abstract; David Drake states, in his article, â€Å"Sartre: Intellectual of the Twentieth Century† that, â€Å"I feel

The Cause of bank failure Free Essays

One member of the group is normally appointed to act as the managing or lead bank for the syndicate and it is the role of this bank to coordinate all negotiations, payments and administration between parties once the contract has been executed-it Is a multi bank transaction with each bank acting on a several basis, which means that each ann. acts on its own without responsibility for the other banks in the syndicate. If a bank fails to honor its obligations as a member of a syndicate, the other syndicate banks have no legal obligation to satisfy them on that bank’s behalf. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cause of bank failure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Syndicated loans are normally used to finance the purchase of capital assets or the acquisition of another business line or company. The syndicated credit market is one of the largest and most flexible sources of capital in the international market place. Loan syndication do happen In Zanzibar but are not very common. PROJECT LOANS – project loans has been used to describe all types of financing of projects, both with and without recourse. A financing of a particular economic unit in which a lender is satisfied to look initially to the cash flows and earnings of that economic unit as the source of funds from which a loan will be repaid and to the assets of the economic unit as collateral for the loan. Involve loans to finance major capital Investment projects for which the cash flow arising from the project will either be the sole or main repayment source. Such projects are usually financed by major banks because of the large amounts involved and the need for full technical evaluation for example building a major dam or prospecting for 011. The loan Is usually provided on a medium or long term basis. There are often other side benefits resulting from segregating a financing as a project financing which may have a bearing on the motives of the company seeking such a structure. These benefits include: – Credit sources may be available to the project that would not be available to the sponsor. Guarantees may be available to the project that would not be available to the sponsor. – A project financing may enjoy better credit terms and interest costs in situations In which a sponsor’s credit is weak. – Higher leverage of debt to equity may be achieved. Legal requirements applicable to certain investing institutions may be met by the project but not by the sponsor. C) LEASING -A lease is a contract wherein, over the term of the lease, the owner of the equipment permits another entity to use it in exchange for a promise by the latter to make a series of payments. The owner of the equipment is referred to as the lesser. The entity that is being granted permission to use the equipment is referred to as the lessee. A typical leasing transaction works as follows. The lessee first decides on the equipment needed. The lessee then decides on the manufacturer, the make, and the model. The lessee specifies any special features desired, the terms of warranties, guaranties, delivery, installation, and services. The lessee also negotiates the price. After the equipment and terms have 1 OFF How to cite The Cause of bank failure, Papers

Internet Censorship Essays (936 words) - British Films,

Internet Censorship In the late winter months of 1801, a man named Lockwood rents a manor house called Thrushcross Grange in the isolated moor country of England. Here, he meets his dour landlord, Heathcliff, a wealthy man who lives in the ancient manor of Wuthering Heights, four miles away from the Grange, but otherwise isolated in the moors. In this wild, stormy countryside, Lockwood asks his housekeeper, Nelly Dean, to tell him the story of Heathcliff and the strange denizens of Wuthering Heights. Nelly consents, and Lockwood writes down his recollections of her tale in his diary; those written recollections form the great majority of Wuthering Heights. When Nelly was a young girl, she was a servant at Wuthering Heights to Mr. Earnshaw and his family. One day, Mr. Earnshaw goes to Liverpool, and returns home with an orphan boy whom he will raise with his own children. At first, the Earnshaw children--an older boy named Hindley and his young sister Catherine--detest the dark-skinned Heathcliff. Catherine quickly grows to love him, and the two are soon inseparable. They spend their days playing on the moors. After his wife's death, Mr. Earnshaw grows to prefer Heathcliff to his own son, and when Hindley continues his cruelty to Heathcliff, Mr. Earnshaw sends Hindley away to college, keeping Heathcliff nearby. Three years later, Mr. Earnshaw dies, and Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights. He returns with a wife, Frances, and immediately seeks revenge on Heathcliff: the once orphan and now spoiled boy is now to be treated as a common laborer, and forced to work in the fields. Heathcliff continues his close relationship with Catherine, however. One night they wander to Thrushcross Grange, hoping to tease the cowardly, snobbish Linton children, Edgar and Isabella, who live there. Catherine is bitten by a dog, and is forced to stay at the Grange to recuperate for five weeks, during which time Mrs. Linton works to make her a proper young lady. When she returns, she is smitten with Edgar, and her relationship with Heathcliff grows more complicated. Frances gives birth to a baby boy named Hareton and then dies; Hindley descends into the depths of alcoholism, and behaves even more cruelly and abusively toward Heathcliff. Eventually, Catherine's desire for social advancement prompts her to become eng aged to Edgar Linton, despite her overpowering love for Heathcliff; Heathcliff runs away from Wuthering Heights, and does not return for three years, until shortly after Catherine and Edgar's marriage. When Heathcliff returns, he immediately sets about seeking revenge on all who have wronged him. Now possessed of a vast and mysterious wealth, he easily wins possession of Wuthering Heights by loaning the drunken Hindley money to feed his gambling addiction; when Hindley dies, Heathcliff inherits the manor. He also places himself in line to inherit Thrushcross Grange by marrying Isabella Linton, whom he treats very cruelly. Catherine becomes ill, gives birth to a daughter, and dies; Heathcliff curses her spirit to remain on Earth and haunt him--anything, as long as she does not leave him alone. Shortly thereafter, Isabella flees to London and gives birth to Heathcliff's son, named Linton after her maiden name. Thirteen years pass, which Nelly Dean spends as Catherine's daughter's nursemaid at Thrushcross Grange. Young Catherine is beautiful and headstrong like her mother, but her temperament is modified by her father's more gentle influence. Young Catherine grows up at the Grange with no knowledge of Wuthering Heights, but one day, wandering through the moors, she discovers the manor, meets Hareton, and plays with him. Shortly thereafter, Isabella dies, and Linton comes to live with Heathcliff. Heathcliff treats his sickly, whining son even more cruelly than he treated his wife. Three years later, Catherine meets Heathcliff on the moors, and makes a visit to Wuthering Heights to meet Linton. She and Linton begin a secret romance conducted entirely through letters; when Nelly destroys her letters, she begins sneaking out at night to spend time with the frail young man, who convinces her that only she can nurse him back to health. However, it quickly becomes apparent that Linton is pursuing Catherine only because Heathcliff is forcing him to; Heathcliff hopes that if Catherine marries Linton, his legal claim upon Thrushcross Grange--and his revenge upon Edgar

Mankind, Humankind, and Gender

Mankind, Humankind, and Gender Mankind, Humankind, and Gender Mankind, Humankind, and Gender By Maeve Maddox A reader takes me to task for not having used â€Å"gender neutral language† in a recent post: In your definition of eschatology you use the word mankind. You run a writing website, please use gender neutral language please, it isn’t that difficult. My views on gendered language are perhaps too loose to meet the more extreme requirements of political correctness. For example, I don’t see anything wrong with using the word mankind in the sense of â€Å"all human beings living on the earth.† As I understand the word, it comes from an Old English construct in which man means person. I do not countenance words like poetess and authoress, which I believe convey a sense of condescension. I condemn the expression â€Å"woman doctor† used to indicate the gender of the doctor rather than the doctor’s medical specialty. On the other hand, words like chairperson strike me as faintly absurd. And efforts to translate the Bible into â€Å"gender neutral language† seem rather misdirected, considering the patriarchal viewpoint of the content. I suppose that I was supposed to substitute humankind for mankind. I don’t see the point. The word human derives from the Latin word for â€Å"man†: homo, There was an Old English cognate, guma (pl. guman), that also meant â€Å"man.† It survives in our word bridegroom, â€Å"the bride’s man.† Excessive concern over â€Å"gender neutral language† frequently results in unidiomatic English and/or unnecessary transformations of useful and innocuous words. This is a writing site, but it is also a blog. Readers have to expect that some opinion will inform the posts. I feel an obligation to verify my discussions of standard usage by consulting the OED, the Chicago Manual of Style, and other recognized authorities. In the matter of what does and doesn’t count as â€Å"gender neutral language,† however, I feel no compulsion to buy into the world of Chairperson Greenspan and Every man and woman for him or herself. I don’t happen to see every word with a syllable spelled m-a-n as an affront to womankind. (Should we still be using the word woman?) In my opinion, humankind is no more â€Å"gender neutral† than mankind. Both mean exactly the same thing, and both derive from the word â€Å"man.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesAwoken or Awakened?How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Kansas State University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data

Kansas State University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data Kansas State University GPA, SAT and ACT Graph Kansas State University GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at Kansas State University? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of Kansas States Admissions Standards: In the graph above, you can see that the majority of applicants to Kansas State University are admitted, and that the admissions bar isnt overly high. The blue and green dots represent students who won admission. Most had SAT scores (RWM) of 950 or higher, an ACT composite of 18 or higher, and a high school average of a B- or better. Kansas State has fixed admissions requirements, and a student with any one of the following will be eligible: a 21 or higher on the ACT, 1060  or higher on the SAT (RWM), top 1/3 class ranking, and a 2.0 GPA in a college preparatory curriculum. The Kansas State admissions process is largely numerical, so grades and test scores are extremely important. The admissions standards, however, vary from program to program. You can see a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) mixed in with the green and blue in the graph. This is mostly likely because some Kansas State programs have selective admissions and limited space availability. Applicants to the College of Architecture, Planning and Design as well as the Interior Design, Wildlife and Outdoor Management, and Athletic Training programs are held to higher standards than other applicants to other Kansas State programs. To learn more about Kansas State University, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: Kansas State University Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring Kansas State University: ACT Score Comparison for Kansas CollegesSAT Score Comparison for Kansas Colleges If You Like Kansas State, You May Also Like These Schools University of Kansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFort Hays State University:  Profile  Colorado State University - Fort Collins:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Arkansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOklahoma State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas Tech University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIowa State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Nature of Entrepreneurship course Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nature of Entrepreneurship course - Coursework Example Everyone can become an entrepreneur as it is the easiest thing to do. Easy in the sense that, one doesn’t have to go to school or use a lot of many to become an entrepreneur. As Seth Godin says, one has to study for very many years to become a neurosurgeon (Seth, 2012). However, you doesn’t have to do such for you to become an entrepreneur. This qualifies the fact that entrepreneurs are born. It is also interesting to know that not everyone can become an entrepreneur, even though anyone is able to become one. The nature of entrepreneurship has some connections with other terms such as monopoly, market, entrepreneurial learning, opportunity and creativity. In this essay, we will discuss the nature of entrepreneurship course with relation to the above mentioned terms that are connected to it. Monopoly is a very important tool for entrepreneurs. For one to become a successful entrepreneur, as Seth Godin says, they must have the power of monopoly on various aspects. Monopoly sets in on the issue of space, product, customers and even idea. When an individual can command the market of a particular location, it means they have a monopoly of supply in that location. This is one of the things that keeps them in business and make them successful as entrepreneurs. Monopoly can also exist in the idea that an entrepreneur has. For instance, Apple is able to do what it does because it has a monopoly of idea of meeting the demands of its customers. It provides products that solve the customer’s problems, hence, making their products most likable in the market against their competitors (Nabi & Holden, 2008). Therefore, the idea of monopoly in entrepreneurship, refers to having control over the unique ways of doing business that makes you what you are in what you do. Entrepreneu rship is basically built by the creation of monopoly that becomes like a brand name in business. People can have great ideas that lead them to becoming great entrepreneurs. However,

Film (movie) analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film (movie) analysis paper - Essay Example But because of the desperation of losing her job as a florist and being impregnated by boyfriend who hesitated to marry her, she took the risk and became a drug mule. The backdrop of the movie provides a broad understanding of the life in rural Colombia, where Maria spent her earlier life. The plot of the film gives a dark feel of the life in the rural environment which includes the overpopulated rural households that struggles to fend for themselves in a country where social mischief caused by drug trade has slumped economic progress. Poverty, socio-political injustice, and violence continue to play a significant role in shaping the social wellbeing of the small country and served as a justification why such a nice girl such as Maria is driven into the drug trade. In addition to the socio-cultural background of poverty that drives people into drug trade, Joshua Marston, the movie director also oriented the audience about the kind of environment Colombia has that induces people to part of the trade etiher as a pusher or a mule. It depicted the pervasiveness of the drug in the country that made the industry so accessible to anyone in despair. It provided the audience understanding that people are not really born drug mules or drug addicts but rather they are just induced and conditioned by their surrounding. Columbia has such an unhealthy environment that makes drug so common that the fear of the criminal and health consequence of being involved in the trade is dulled by its commonality. And this explains why Maria who is such a nice, smart and driven girl would go into the dangerous and illegal drug trade. In contrast, the film also showed the environment of New York to underscore how abject the environment of Colombia is. The greener pastures presented by New York City also inspired the young Colombians to engage in the perilous business, in the hope that one day they will

Quality management of executive holloware

Quality management of executive holloware 1 Why is quality important to Executive Holloware? Quality is important to Executive Holloware because they are one of the UKs leading suppliers of top-quality holloware. They describe themselves as selling to a top end market. As a result their products are priced high. Executive Holloware say their most important product was a handmade silver-plated Georgian tea set priced at over  £400. It is implied that this is the most expensive product and thats why they thought it was the most important. This could be a misguided opinion. It could have been the companys trademark, the item which made the brand; in this case you could have called it the most important because without it, there was no brand. The entire product range was hand-made and it looks like this was a big part of Executive Hollowares brand image. Holloware is a term that refers to table service items such as sugar bowls, coffee pots, teapots and other metal items that go on a table. Holloware is traditionally constructed to last a long time. It is typically made with thicker walls and more layers of silver-plate than other silverware. [1] 2 What do you understand by the term quality? The ISO9000 system describes Quality as: The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements[3] The American society for Quality describes Quality as: A subjective term for which each person has his or her own definition[4] In reality the definition of quality depends on your viewpoint. A customer may look at quality in terms of design, how the product performs, or whether it lasts as expected. A producer may look at quality in terms of conformance to requirements and the cost of quality i.e. scrap and profits. A government may see quality in terms of safety or environment. In industry, quality is often measured using values e.g. number of features, reliability, aesthetics etc. The majority of definitions seem to agree that regardless of your viewpoint, there is a set of requirements, whether it is conscious or sub-conscious, for which conformance is the goal. It is important to understand a range of peoples requirements both for a products customer base and within the company in design, manufacturing and other departments. 3 How would you specify quality for executive holloware? A quality product for Executive Holloware is a product that is free from: * Dimensional inaccuracies * Scratches * Bruises The product must be free from defects if a customer is to be proud of presenting it on their dinner table. Customers use the product to give their dinner tables a touch of class and give their guests the impression that no expense has been spared. In terms of the Georgian tea set, the product should be made of a layered silver-plate, other products are made from pewter or stainless steel. 4 What are the underlying causes of the problems at Executive Holloware? One of the main problems is that there is no dimensional / defect inspection carried out until the product is ready for shipment. Too many problems are getting ignored during the manufacturing processes and the product is getting passed down the line with defects. It appears that there is no quality control data generated during the processes until the end of the production line. For this company, the data would not have to be complex, just a numerical count of defects and possible reasons. There definitely seems to be a lack of control chart knowledge. The problems with defects are causing a massive amount of rework, which costs the company money as work is being done twice, this should be virtually unnecessary. The culture of the workforce is wrong. It appears that this stems from the top as the Production Director, Andrew Keegan, is constantly pressuring them to speed up production. This will not work if the quality is not under control. It will only multiply the problem or even increase the percentage of rework. It is a reactive culture with people only reacting to problems with the finished product. There seems to be a blame culture affecting the workforce too. Nobody wants to help with the root causes of the problem; they just want to blame somebody else. This could be because the workforce doesnt feel empowered to do anything about the quality problems. They cant stop production if they notice a problem because they will get blamed for a loss of production time. The workforce may be paid per item they get through their station. This is the case in so many industries of this kind. The problem with that is that the workforce is inclined to rush jobs because they know that if there is rework then they will get paid again. Another problem is that when a defect is found the workforce has no way of knowing if it is out of tolerance or not because there is no specification. There are no limits. 5 How should Executive Holloware measure quality at each stage of the process? Statistical Process Control should be used to take periodic samples from the processes and plot sample points on a control chart. It can then be determined whether the process is within limits. Variability is inherent in production processes and the aim is to lessen the variability to random causes. Three quality characteristics have been highlighted in section 3 which can be measured. A specification needs to be drawn up so that the workforce can decide which defects are failures and which are not. There needs to be a set of tolerances for problems like dimensional inaccuracies. The workforce also needs to be provided with measuring equipment to assist with this. A process control chart can be used as shown in Figure 5‑1. The process would be in control if no sample points lie outside the limits, most points are near the average, and there are an equal number of points above and below the centre line. A histogram can then be created to visually show which problems are most significant. A Pareto analysis could also be done to work out which problem is costing the most. Using control charts at each stage it will be possible to pinpoint at which stage defects are caused. A Fishbone diagram could then be used to show all the causes of a particular quality problem. All these visual aids are useful for meetings to aid effectively communicating the message to everybody present. Another approach to quality control is acceptance sampling. This can also be used on a random basis to measure the % defective. As the products are intended to be top quality and supplied to a top end market, this is not really suitable; especially with the large number of non-conforming products. 6 What steps would you advise Paul Stone to take to improve quality? The basic four steps from the Total Quality Management theory should be used: * Step 1: Collect and organize data * Step 2: Identify problematic components or maintenance processes * Step 3: Analyse data after maintenance process monitoring * Step 4: Action plan [5] The management should ask themselves the 5 Whys each time there is a problem with quality. The 5 Whys is a technique that doesnt involve advanced statistical tools, and in many cases can be completed without a data collection plan. By repeatedly asking the question Why at least five times, you can peel away the layers of symptoms which can lead to the root cause of a problem. [6] Paul should advise management to instil a new culture into the workforce. The workforce should be empowered to report problems and stop production if they feel there is a problem. They should also be involved with problem resolution because it has been proven that if a workforce feels more involved then they are more likely to use their process knowledge to come up with solutions for themselves. This would increase morale and is a basic TQM (Total Quality Management) philosophy. There could be daily meetings for each production unit to go through control chart data. There could then be monthly meetings for the entire staff which will make everyone feel involved and issues can be discussed between departments. Installing a continuous improvement mentality should be the goal. Quality control data as discussed in section 5 should be analysed and used to direct resources for improvement efforts. Specifications need to be created for each product stating tolerances for defects of different types and in different locations on the product. Appropriate metrics need to be identified so that problems can be measured against a standard. There could be cause for a pay restructuring so that workers are paid a fixed rate instead of per item. Bonuses could be introduced based on quality production targets as a different type of incentive. Andrew Keegan should be advised that if the efficiency of the process is increased, then this will bring an increase in productivity. Cycle time should also be increased because there will be fewer problems during processes and rework should be rare. The spare capacity introduced from the lack of rework could then be used to increase production and for new product development. It may be possible to reduce manpower which will lower costs and increase profitability. Increased production means increased turnover. One study by the University of Manchester states that success in applying the quality tools and techniques discussed relies on: * In-depth knowledge of the process * Formal training in problem solving techniques * Appropriateness of tools selected for use * Application of simple models at all levels in the organisation to aid communication and learning [7] If this is true then there needs to be formal training of statistical process control and problem solving techniques generally. There must also be involvement from all levels of the organisation. The Six Sigma theory can be used to help this organisation as well and can be applied to all stages of the problem solving process. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) methodology can be used. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing, which is exactly what this company needs to do. As quality assurance manager, Paul should take the lead role in this. The six sigma tools matrix (see Table 6‑1) can present a clear roadmap for the problem solver, especially if the problem solver is a novice (Black Belt or Green Belt). Six Sigma may be an appropriate strategy to base the work on but not in place of TQM because, as Dr Rick L. Edgeman from the University of Idaho said: Six Sigma is a highly structured, information-driven strategy for product, system and enterprise innovation and design. In contrast I would say that TQM seeks to satisfy customer needs continuously by providing what they desire at the lowest possible cost as a result of involving a critical mass of the organizations human resource. [8] Different aspects of both of these methodologies / strategies will be helpful for this company. The steps discussed in this section should have a positive effect on the shops as they will be more confident in the product they are selling, and the end users. Works Cited 1. Encyclopedia Britannica. Holloware Article. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. [Online] [Cited: 7 December 2009.] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269441/hollowware. 2. AtlanticHospitality.com. Holloware. Atlantic Hospitality. [Online] 2003. [Cited: 7 December 2009.] http://atlantichospitalityinc.com/images/on_halloware/EJAZZ.JPG. 3. International Organization for Standardization. Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary. 2005. ISO 9000:2005. 4. American Society for Quality. ASQ Glossary Entry: Quality. 5. E. Vassilakis, G. Besseris. An application of TQM tools at a maintenance division of a large aerospace company. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 2009, Vol. 15, 1. 6. EMS Consulting Group. Problem Solving. Lean Manufacturing Consulting and Training. [Online] 1 February 2006. [Cited: 7 December 2009.] http://www.emsstrategies.com/dd020106article.html. 7. Greatbanks, David R. Bamford and Richard W. The use of quality management tools and techniques: a study of application in everyday situations. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management. 2005, Vol. 22, 4. 8. Antony, Jiju. Six Sigma vs TQM: some perspectives from leading practitioners and academics. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2009, Vol. 58, 3. 9. Catherine Hagemeyer, John K. Gershenson, Dana M. Johnson. Classification and application of problem solving quality tools. The TQM Magazine. 2006, Vol. 18, 5.

Appraising Employees at the San Diego Zoo Essay

1. What skills does Black think employees need to work successfully in the area of HR? The skills that Black thinks employees need to work successfully in HR is for them to be commercial, challenging, and focused on delivery and excellence. They must also understand change and transformation, excel at operations, and balance tactical and strategic thinking and acting. They will have to be able to manage and navigate organizational complexity and ambiguities and not be afraid to say no in order to establish boundaries with the business. 2. What are some of the outcomes of the company’s new HR strategy? I think the outcomes of the company’s new HR strategy has been great. Early on there were some employees that were unsure about the charges, especially the long-time employees that were used to the old ways. Now it seems everyone sees how it has helped the company and everyone is happy and enjoys working for Lloyds. Another outcome is that the company is being recognized outside the firm. Lloyds was in the Sunday Times top 100 Best Companies to work for in the UK. It was also UK’s top 40 Business Brands by an independent researcher. 3. What do you think might be some of the challenges of establishing HR policies for global company? I think there are many challenges when establishing HR polices for a global company. Some of the challenges is the different geographies, culture, employment laws, employee compensation and benefits, taxes and business practices.Creating a global mind-set within the HR group, creating practices that will be consistently applied in different locations/offices while also maintaining the various local cultures and practices, and communicating a consistent corporate culture across the entire organization. 4. What types of situations do you think might require an HR manager to say â€Å"no†?I think the HR manager should say no, when the employees are requesting things that go against the company policies. CASE STUDY 2 1 .Evaluate the conduct of Peter Lewiston against the EEOC’s definition of sexual harassment. Peter’s actions definitely shows sexual harassment when compared to the definition of the EEOC. The second form of sexual harassment is what caused a hostile environment for Beverly and is classified as unwelcomed sexual conduct which has an effect of interfering with job performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive  working environment. Peter made it his business himself to enter her environment by spending extra time in her classroom with her and her students which were unwelcome advances. Peter also begged again and again asking Beverly out on lunch dates, which she continuously denied. Peter also spoke (e.g. verbal) on Beverly appearan ce and the feelings he had for her as well as giving flowers, cards and notes, all of them were unwelcome and was told to Peter by Beverly. Peter harassed her in a physical form too, stalking her and staring when she walked to her car, also attempting to touch Beverly. All of Mr. Lewiston’s actions created an extreme hostile environment for Beverly Gilbury. 2. Should the intent or motive behind Lewistons conduct be considered when deciding sexual harassment activities? Explain.Peter actions should surely be taken into consideration. If an employee was to touch another employee, it could mean a signal for saying hello or congratulations, or see you later it might not mean anything.However, if employee that was touched had emotional feelings for the employee the touchers touch can be percieved as trying to fondle. If the touched is okay with this, there is no problem, but if toucher was asked repeatedly to stop, there could be reason for a sexual harassment suit. 3. If you were the districts EEOC officer, what would you conclude? What disciplinary action, if any, would you take? If I held the position of EEOC officer, I would evaluate the evidence such as, letters, statements, and legal documents and would recommend that the enployee accused, Mr. Lewiston would, be terminated for creating a hostile work environment for the victim in this case.

The Nature Of Animal Testing Essay - 1801 Words

Around the world, an estimated 115 million animals are used in various medical research facilities per year (â€Å"Animal Testing,† n.d.). The relationship of humans and animals have been entirely interdependent since early on. Traces of animal testing have dated back to as early as 500 B.C. Even today, numerous species of animals are used for investigation throughout the world. These animals include, but are not limited to, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, birds and non-human primates such as monkeys and chimpanzees. Countless people display contradictory positions on animal practices; numerous individuals view animals as partners, while others use animals on behalf of enhancing medical practices and expanding experimental exploration. Prior research has revealed that there are a variety of explicit features that influence people to either aid or contradict the practice of using animals in medical research. Many people consider the kind of animal used, style of study bei ng directed, and how the animals are treated in the experiment (Henry Pulcino, 2009). Since animals have been universally tested in various fields of experimentation, the ideology of medical research has been a continuous debate within humans. This paper will present alternative positions pertaining to the topic of animal practice in medical research and conclude with a position that seems most permissible. Perspective One: One side of the argument consists of medical researchers who are proponents ofShow MoreRelated Animal Testing Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;More and more animals are being taken form their natural habitats and tested on every year. Researchers, scientists, and companies just trying to make new products are using animals to further their experiments. If animal testing continues to happen at this rate then their will be no animals left to use for food, study, or even for simple amusement. When the animals are being taken form their natural environments it harmsRead MoreAnimal Experimentation1612 Words   |  7 Pagesaccept animal experimentation but they also increased the use of genetically modified mice in carrying out such tests. On July 27th official statistics showed that, for the first time, the use of genetically-modified animals has outstripped that of conventional creatures and hardly anyone flinched knowing that† (Britain: Tweaking the Experiments; Animal Testing). 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Without morals, it would beRead MoreEssay about Animal Rights1553 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of animal experimentation is a widely debated topic in the United States. A fundamental question of this deba te is whether the functions of animal testing and research are morally and ethically justified. In the viewpoint of the pro-research community, animal testing is a necessary practice. They support this position by stating that humans, instinctually, prioritize their own survival above other animals thus making any use of animals justifiable (Fox 5). The supporters of animal testing believeRead MoreAnimal Testing Is A Controversial Issue For A Significant Time Frame Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing Abstract: Animal testing also known as animal experimentation has become a controversial issue for a long time.Testing on animals has enormously increased with the advancement of research and development in medical field. 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The real questionRead MoreThe Great Ape Protection And Cost Saving Act863 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Thought to Testing: A Discussion of The Great Ape Protection and Cost Saving Act One of the most proliferated quotes in western philosophy is Descartes declaration of â€Å"Cogito Ergo Sum.† In the preceding mediation he strips down to what he believes is the foundation of knowledge. As much as this is quoted and used particularly in discussions of the mind, Descartes proceeding building on that foundation is left the wayside. He uses different thought experiments, such as his examination of waxRead MoreAnimal Testing: Alternatives1085 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough animal testing was a main component for the facilitation of medical research in the past, it is no longer necessary due to the option of alternate testing methods. Animals that fall victim to the mercy of animal research are subject to experimentation for the purpose of manufacturing harmless products (McKnight 2). Cell cultures, the MIMIC system, TraumaMan, in vitro, and human volunteers are substitutes for this inhumane procedure (Sullivan 4; â€Å"PCRM Scientists Educate† 10). Animal testing is

Is There Such a Thing as a Planet Sound

Can a planet make a sound? Its an interesting question that gives us insight into the nature of sound waves. In a sense, planets do emit radiation which can be used to make sounds we can hear. How does that work? The Physics of Sound Waves Everything in the universe gives off radiation that — if our ears or eyes were sensitive to it — we could hear or see. The spectrum of light that we actually perceive is very small, compared to the very large spectrum of available light, ranging from gamma-rays to radio waves. Signals that can be converted to sound make up only one part of that spectrum. The way people and animals hear sound is that sound waves travel through the air and eventually reach the ear. Inside, they bounce against the eardrum, which begins to vibrate. Those vibrations pass through small bones in the ear and cause small hairs to vibrate. The hairs act like tiny antennae and convert the vibrations into electrical signals that race to the brain through the nerves. The brain then interprets that as sound and what the timbre and pitch of the sound are. What About Sound in Space? Everyone has heard the line used to advertise the 1979 movie Alien, In space, no one can hear you scream. Its actually quite true as it relates to sound in space. For any sounds to be heard while someone is in space, there have to be molecules to vibrate. On our planet, air molecules vibrate and transmit sound to our ears. In space, there are few if any molecules to deliver sound waves to the ears of people in space. (Plus, if someone is in space, theyre likely to be wearing a helmet and a spacesuit and still wouldnt hear anything outside because theres no air to transmit it.) That doesnt mean there arent vibrations moving through space, only that there are no molecules to pick them up. However, those emissions can be used to create false sounds (that is, not the real sound a planet or other object might make). How does that work? As one example, people have captured emissions given off when charged particles from the Sun encounter our planets magnetic field. The signals are at really high frequencies that our ears cant perceive. But, the signals can be slowed down enough to allow us to hear them. They sound eerie and weird, but those whistlers and cracks and pops and hums are just some of the many songs of Earth. Or, to be more specific, from Earths magnetic field.   In the 1990s, NASA explored the idea that emissions from other planets could be captured and processed so people could hear them. The resulting music is a collection of eerie, spooky sounds. There is a good sampling of them on NASAs Youtube site.  These are literally artificial depictions of real events. Its very similar to making a recording of a cat meowing, for example, and slowing it down to hear all the variations in the cats voice. Are We Really Hearing a Planet Sound? Not exactly. The planets dont sing pretty music when spaceships fly by. But, they do give off all those emissions that Voyager, New Horizons, Cassini, Galileo, and other probes can sample, gather, and transmit back to Earth. The music gets created as the scientists process the data to make it so that we can hear it.   However, each planet does have its own unique song. Thats because each one has different frequencies that are emitted (due to different amounts of charged particles flying around and because of the various magnetic field strengths in our solar system). Every planet sound will be different, and so will the space around it.   Astronomers have also converted data from spacecraft crossing the boundary of the solar system (called the heliopause) and turned that into sound as well. Its not associated with any planet  but does show that signals can come from many places in space. Turning them into songs we can hear is a way of experiencing the universe with more than one sense.   It All Began With Voyager The creation of planetary sound started when the Voyager 2 spacecraft swept past Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus from 1979 to 1989.  The probe picked up electromagnetic disturbances and charged particle fluxes, not actual sound. Charged particles (either bouncing off the planets from the Sun  or produced by the planets themselves) travel in the space, usually kept in check by the planets magnetospheres. Also, radio waves (again either reflected waves  or produced by processes on the planets themselves) get trapped by the immense strength of a planets magnetic field. The electromagnetic waves and charged particles were measured by the probe and the data from those measurements were then sent back to Earth for analysis. One interesting example was the so-called Saturn kilometric radiation.  Its a low-frequency radio emission, so its actually lower than we can hear. It is produced as electrons move along magnetic field lines, and theyre somehow related to auroral activity at the poles. At the time of the Voyager 2 flyby of Saturn, the scientists working with the planetary radio astronomy instrument detected this radiation, speeded it up and made a song that people could hear.   How Do Data Collections Become Sound? In these days, when most people understand that data is simply a collection of ones and zeroes, the idea of turning data into music isnt such a wild idea. After all, the music we listen to on streaming services or our iPhones or personal players is all simply encoded data. Our music players reassemble the data back into sound waves that we can hear.   In the Voyager 2 data, none of the measurements themselves were of actual sound waves. However, many of the electromagnetic wave and particle oscillation frequencies could be translated into sound in the same way that our personal music players take data and turn it into sound.  All NASA had to do was to take the data accumulated by the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Voyager probe and convert it into sound waves. Thats where the songs of distant planets originate; as data from a spacecraft.